Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors

Yakubu Ibrahim Anas; Abdullahi Ibrahim; Isah Abdulfattah; Bakare Tomori Abdulfatai; Mustapha Ahmad; Abusufyan Attahiru; Abubakar Ahmad; Amira Bello; Adeniyi Funmilayo Alake; Abubakar Baguda Sulaiman; Wali Mohammad Asma’u; Mohammad Abdulaziz Danmadami; Ngozi Obiejemba Lucy; Attah Anthonia Nnnena; Junaidu Sarki; Ibrahim Abdulaziz Hadi; Akilu Abdullahi; Umar Faruk Adamu; Shamsu Abdussalam Inuwa; Abdulgaffar Yakubu; Abass Ayodeji Bioku

doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(1): 122-129

doi: 10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors

Yakubu Ibrahim Anas, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Isah Abdulfattah, Bakare Tomori Abdulfatai, Mustapha Ahmad, Abusufyan Attahiru, Abubakar Ahmad, Amira Bello, Adeniyi Funmilayo Alake, Abubakar Baguda Sulaiman, Wali Mohammad Asma’u, Mohammad Abdulaziz Danmadami, Ngozi Obiejemba Lucy, Attah Anthonia Nnnena, Junaidu Sarki, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Hadi, Akilu Abdullahi, Umar Faruk Adamu, Shamsu Abdussalam Inuwa, Abdulgaffar Yakubu, Abass Ayodeji Bioku.

Abstract
Background: The abuse of drugs is a common public health challenge, and the seeking of rehabilitation care is usually delayed. However, the independent contribution of multidrug abuse to such delays remains underexplored.
Aim: To determine the independent predictors of prolonged untreated substance abuse among clients admitted for rehabilitation at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Birnin-Kebbi (FTH-BK), and Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital, Sokoto (UDUTHS).
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analytical study that was conducted among 54 clients admitted for drug rehabilitation at UDUTHS and FTH-BK. Clients were recruited via consecutive sampling over 12 months using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to assess associations and predictors, respectively, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 30.4 years (SD ± 9.9), with most falling within the 17–31-year age category (64.8%), from low socioeconomic backgrounds (46.3%). Most began abusing substances at 18 years or older (61.1%), and 55.6% reported using five or more illicit substances. There was a statistically significant association between the duration of untreated substance abuse and the age category (p = 0.045), socioeconomic class (p = 0.008), and number of substances abused (p = 0.013). Additionally, the number of substances abused is the only determinant (Exp[B] = 95% CI, 0.046–0.687; p = 0.012).
Conclusion: There are disproportionate delays in accessing drug rehabilitation care among individuals of younger age groups, lower socioeconomic class, and especially among those engaging in multiple drug abuse. Therefore, targeted interventions directed to these high-risk cohorts are paramount to mitigate the adverse consequences associated with prolonged untreated substance use disorders.

Key words: Substance use disorders, Polydrug use, Rehabilitation, Duration of untreated substance use.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Anas YI, Ibrahim A, Abdulfattah I, Abdulfatai BT, Ahmad M, Attahiru A, Ahmad A, Bello A, Alake AF, Sulaiman AB, Asma'u WM, Danmadami MA, Lucy NO, Nnnena AA, Sarki J, Hadi IA, Abdullahi A, Adamu UF, Inuwa SA, Yakubu A, Bioku AA. Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(1): 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Web Style

Anas YI, Ibrahim A, Abdulfattah I, Abdulfatai BT, Ahmad M, Attahiru A, Ahmad A, Bello A, Alake AF, Sulaiman AB, Asma'u WM, Danmadami MA, Lucy NO, Nnnena AA, Sarki J, Hadi IA, Abdullahi A, Adamu UF, Inuwa SA, Yakubu A, Bioku AA. Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. https://www.wisdomgale.com/ejsrr/?mno=305878 [Access: June 07, 2026]. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Anas YI, Ibrahim A, Abdulfattah I, Abdulfatai BT, Ahmad M, Attahiru A, Ahmad A, Bello A, Alake AF, Sulaiman AB, Asma'u WM, Danmadami MA, Lucy NO, Nnnena AA, Sarki J, Hadi IA, Abdullahi A, Adamu UF, Inuwa SA, Yakubu A, Bioku AA. Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2026; 4(1): 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Anas YI, Ibrahim A, Abdulfattah I, Abdulfatai BT, Ahmad M, Attahiru A, Ahmad A, Bello A, Alake AF, Sulaiman AB, Asma'u WM, Danmadami MA, Lucy NO, Nnnena AA, Sarki J, Hadi IA, Abdullahi A, Adamu UF, Inuwa SA, Yakubu A, Bioku AA. Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. Eu J Sci Res Rev. (2026), [cited June 07, 2026]; 4(1): 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Harvard Style

Anas, Y. I., Ibrahim, . A., Abdulfattah, . I., Abdulfatai, . B. T., Ahmad, . M., Attahiru, . A., Ahmad, . A., Bello, . A., Alake, . A. F., Sulaiman, . A. B., Asma'u, . W. M., Danmadami, . M. A., Lucy, . N. O., Nnnena, . A. A., Sarki, . J., Hadi, . I. A., Abdullahi, . A., Adamu, . U. F., Inuwa, . S. A., Yakubu, . A. & Bioku, . A. A. (2026) Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. Eu J Sci Res Rev, 4 (1), 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Turabian Style

Anas, Yakubu Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Isah Abdulfattah, Bakare Tomori Abdulfatai, Mustapha Ahmad, Abusufyan Attahiru, Abubakar Ahmad, Amira Bello, Adeniyi Funmilayo Alake, Abubakar Baguda Sulaiman, Wali Mohammad Asma'u, Mohammad Abdulaziz Danmadami, Ngozi Obiejemba Lucy, Attah Anthonia Nnnena, Junaidu Sarki, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Hadi, Akilu Abdullahi, Umar Faruk Adamu, Shamsu Abdussalam Inuwa, Abdulgaffar Yakubu, and Abass Ayodeji Bioku. 2026. Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 4 (1), 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

Chicago Style

Anas, Yakubu Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Isah Abdulfattah, Bakare Tomori Abdulfatai, Mustapha Ahmad, Abusufyan Attahiru, Abubakar Ahmad, Amira Bello, Adeniyi Funmilayo Alake, Abubakar Baguda Sulaiman, Wali Mohammad Asma'u, Mohammad Abdulaziz Danmadami, Ngozi Obiejemba Lucy, Attah Anthonia Nnnena, Junaidu Sarki, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Hadi, Akilu Abdullahi, Umar Faruk Adamu, Shamsu Abdussalam Inuwa, Abdulgaffar Yakubu, and Abass Ayodeji Bioku. "Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 4 (2026), 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Anas, Yakubu Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Isah Abdulfattah, Bakare Tomori Abdulfatai, Mustapha Ahmad, Abusufyan Attahiru, Abubakar Ahmad, Amira Bello, Adeniyi Funmilayo Alake, Abubakar Baguda Sulaiman, Wali Mohammad Asma'u, Mohammad Abdulaziz Danmadami, Ngozi Obiejemba Lucy, Attah Anthonia Nnnena, Junaidu Sarki, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Hadi, Akilu Abdullahi, Umar Faruk Adamu, Shamsu Abdussalam Inuwa, Abdulgaffar Yakubu, and Abass Ayodeji Bioku. "Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 4.1 (2026), 122-129. Print. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Anas, Y. I., Ibrahim, . A., Abdulfattah, . I., Abdulfatai, . B. T., Ahmad, . M., Attahiru, . A., Ahmad, . A., Bello, . A., Alake, . A. F., Sulaiman, . A. B., Asma'u, . W. M., Danmadami, . M. A., Lucy, . N. O., Nnnena, . A. A., Sarki, . J., Hadi, . I. A., Abdullahi, . A., Adamu, . U. F., Inuwa, . S. A., Yakubu, . A. & Bioku, . A. A. (2026) Poly-Drug Abuse as an Independent Determinant of Prolonged Untreated Substance Abuse: A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 4 (1), 122-129. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20260106083151