Assessment of Kidney Function Biomarkers and Histopathological Lesions of Methanolic Extract of Musa acuminata Flower in Wistar Rats

Emmanuel Oluwasegun Adawaren; Kefas David Malgwi; Mohammed Abdullahi Abe; Comfort Adamu; Dauda Yahi; Nubwa Daniel; Karagama Parnda Gadzama; Haruna Asura Ngadda; Yusuf Madaki Lekko; Aliyu Gwiokura; Nicholas Adetayo Ojo

doi:10.5455/JRVS.20250812050933

Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the health effects of methanolic extract from banana (Musa acuminata) on kidney function biomarkers and related tissue changes in Wistar rats.
Methods: A total of 25 adult rats of both sexes were divided into five groups. Group A served as the control, whereas groups B, C, D, and E received oral doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, daily for 21 days. All rats were euthanized using chloroform, and blood was collected from the jugular vein to analyze kidney function biomarkers using standard laboratory methods. The experiment started on June 15, 2024.
Results: The result shows significant differences (p<0.05) between the concentrations of serum urea and creatinine in the treated and control groups. For urea, control had (3.09±0.14) while treated group had 200 mg/kg (3.19±0.66), 400 mg/kg (3.62±0.21), 600 mg/kg (3.70±0.09) and 800 mg/kg (2.90±0.47). Serum creatinine had the following values: control (60.00±5.88), 200 mg/kg (52.25±3.09), 400 mg/kg (56.17±1.73), 600 mg/kg (55.00±0.63) and 800 mg/kg (48.75±2.49) while calcium had control (2.20±0.11), 200 mg/kg (1.88±0.05), 400 mg/kg (1.86±0.17), 600 mg/kg (2.03±0.05) and 800 mg/kg (2.80±0.73) respectively. Methanolic extract of Musa acuminata flower affects kidney function in a dose-dependent manner Higher doses lead to significant changes in kidney biomarkers, such as urea, creatinine, and calcium, indicating both protective and harmful effects. While the extract reduces plasma creatinine (indicating kidney protection) and increases calcium reabsorption, it also triggers inflammation and potential kidney toxicity at higher concentrations.

Key words: Key words: Kidney function, Biomarkers, Musa acuminata, Wistar Rat, Creatinine, Urea