Comparsion in Haematological Effects of Datura metel Seed Extract and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Anaesthesia in West African Dwarf Buck Goats that Underwent Orchidectomy

Aondowase Umayange; Amarachi Sylvia Onyeberechi

doi:10.5455/JRVS.20250410084506

Abstract
Aim/Background
This study aimed to compare the haematological effects of Datura metel seed extract and lidocaine hydrochloride used as local anaesthetic agents in West African Dwarf (WAD) buck goats undergoing orchidectomy. Datura metel, a medicinal plant with known sedative and anti-inflammatory properties, is traditionally used in pain management. Evaluating its effect on blood parameters is crucial for assessing safety and potential application in veterinary anesthesia.

Methods
Twenty WAD buck goats were randomly assigned into two groups. One group received Datura metel seed extract (75 mg/kg), and the other received lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) via subcutaneous and epidural routes. Orchidectomy was performed following local anesthesia. Blood samples were collected at baseline and multiple time points post-treatment. Haematological parameters, including PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts, were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer.

Results
Administration of Datura metel extract resulted in decreased PCV and Hb concentrations at later time points, although values remained within physiological ranges. WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly increased in extract-treated goats, indicating a potential inflammatory or immune response. Red blood cell indices and lymphocyte counts were relatively stable across both groups, with no critical alterations observed.

Conclusion
The use of Datura metel seed extract as a local anesthetic in goats caused transient but non-detrimental changes in haematological parameters. These findings suggest that the extract does not compromise hematopoietic function and may serve as a viable anesthetic alternative in resource-limited settings, warranting further pharmacological and histological evaluations.

Key words: Datura, haematology, blood parameters, toxicity, medicinal plants, haematological effects, pharmacology.