E-ISSN 2507-1432
 

Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
02 / 02 / 2024



Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review

Mostafa Essam Eissa.


Abstract
Public health aims to protect and improve community health by preventing and controlling infectious diseases. This includes surveillance, policy development, health education, immunization, research, and collaboration. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium found in the intestines of humans and animals, with harmless and pathogenic strains causing serious illnesses. Pathogenic E. coli, like Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), can lead to severe food poisoning and outbreaks, making it a major public health concern. E. coli is transmitted through contaminated food, water, and direct contact with infected animals or individuals. It can survive in various environments and acquire antibiotic resistance. Vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, are at higher risk of severe infections. Studies in Egypt show high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics in both clinical and food samples.E. coli isolates from various sources in Egypt and Tunisia demonstrated high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, limiting treatment options and posing a public health risk. E. coli isolates from patient urine in Nigeria showed high resistance to most antibiotics tested except newer drugs, indicating misuse of antibiotics in healthcare. The typical symptoms of infection include diarrhea, abdominal pain, symptoms of urinary tract infection and fever. The most serious complication is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can cause acute kidney failure and be life-threatening, especially in young children and elders. Long-term consequences of infection and HUS can include chronic kidney disease and neurological impairment. The present review article summarizes the current knowledge, highlights the challenges and gaps and provides recommendations and solutions.

Key words: Antimicrobial resistance, Escherichia coli, Food poisoning, hemolytic uremic syndrome, Kidney failure, Infectious disease, Outbreaks, Public health


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. J Pub Health Comm Med. 2024; 1(1): 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652


Web Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. https://www.wisdomgale.com/jphcm/?mno=184811 [Access: August 08, 2024]. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. J Pub Health Comm Med. 2024; 1(1): 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. J Pub Health Comm Med. (2024), [cited August 08, 2024]; 1(1): 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



Harvard Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa (2024) Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. J Pub Health Comm Med, 1 (1), 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



Turabian Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. 2024. Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1 (1), 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



Chicago Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. "Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review." Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine 1 (2024), 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa. "Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review." Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine 1.1 (2024), 39-49. Print. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mostafa Essam Eissa (2024) Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review. Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1 (1), 39-49. doi:10.5455/JPHCM.20240110064652