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Review Article
Online Published: 31 Mar 2025
 


Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity

Ankita Das, Parixit Prajapati.


Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly targeted and minimally invasive cancer treatment that utilizes light-activated photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for localized tumor destruction. In addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, PDT can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), stimulating systemic antitumor immunity. This paper examines recent advancements in PS design aimed at enhancing selectivity, ROS generation, and biocompatibility through molecular modifications, activatable PSs, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. It also evaluates strategies to enhance PDT-induced immune responses, including combination therapies with cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and tumor-associated antigen vaccines. Furthermore, approaches to overcoming tumor hypoxia, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and integrating photothermal and photodynamic modalities are analyzed. By assessing the advantages and limitations of these strategies, this study provides insights into optimizing PDT for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Key words: Photodynamic therapy, Photosensitizers, Reactive oxygen species, Immunogenic cell death, Immunotherapeutic modality


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Das A, Prajapati P. Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. J Biol Res Rev. 2025; 2(2): 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443

Web Style

Das A, Prajapati P. Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. https://www.wisdomgale.com/jbrr/?mno=247527 [Access: April 08, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Das A, Prajapati P. Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. J Biol Res Rev. 2025; 2(2): 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Das A, Prajapati P. Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. J Biol Res Rev. (2025), [cited April 08, 2025]; 2(2): 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


Harvard Style

Das, A. & Prajapati, . P. (2025) Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. J Biol Res Rev, 2 (2), 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


Turabian Style

Das, Ankita, and Parixit Prajapati. 2025. Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Journal of Biological Research and Reviews, 2 (2), 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


Chicago Style

Das, Ankita, and Parixit Prajapati. "Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity." Journal of Biological Research and Reviews 2 (2025), 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Das, Ankita, and Parixit Prajapati. "Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity." Journal of Biological Research and Reviews 2.2 (2025), 90-108. Print. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Das, A. & Prajapati, . P. (2025) Innovative Photosensitizers and Combination Therapies for PDT-Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Journal of Biological Research and Reviews, 2 (2), 90-108. doi:10.5455/JBRR.20250315083443


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