E-ISSN 3041-4369
 

Review Article

Online Publishing Date: 09 / 02 / 2024

 


Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities

Mostafa Essam Eissa.


Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious infections in humans, especially in health care settings. It is known for its ability to acquire resistance to multiple antibiotics, limiting the treatment options and increasing the mortality rates. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the resistance, the treatment strategies, and the future perspectives of A. baumannii infections. There should be some background understanding on the taxonomy, ecology, epidemiology, and clinical significance of A. baumannii. The review of previous studies summarizes the main findings from the literature review, covering the different mechanisms of resistance, such as beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, target mutations, and porin loss, and how they affect the susceptibility and efficacy of various classes of antibiotics, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and colistin. The previous screening research studies highlight the limitations and challenges of the current treatment options, such as toxicity, resistance development, poor penetration, and narrow spectrum, and identifies the gaps and needs for the future research and development of new therapies and modalities, such as new antibiotics, alternative therapies, vaccines, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology. The final analysis concludes that A. baumannii is a highly resistant bacterium that poses a serious challenge for the clinical management of infections, and that more research and innovation are needed to discover new antibiotics and alternative modalities that can target A. baumannii and overcome its resistance mechanisms. One of the promising tools is the use of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the discovery of new promising drugs.

Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenem, Clinical management, efflux pumps, target mutations, Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, Sulfonamides, Porin


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Mostafa Essam Eissa
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Eissa ME, . Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. J Biochem Microbiol. 2024; 1(1): 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736


Web Style

Eissa ME, . Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. https://www.scopub.com/jbm/?mno=186070 [Access: February 12, 2024]. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Eissa ME, . Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. J Biochem Microbiol. 2024; 1(1): 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Eissa ME, . Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. J Biochem Microbiol. (2024), [cited February 12, 2024]; 1(1): 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



Harvard Style

Eissa, M. E. & (2024) Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. J Biochem Microbiol, 1 (1), 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



Turabian Style

Eissa, Mostafa Essam, and . 2024. Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Journal of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 1 (1), 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



Chicago Style

Eissa, Mostafa Essam, and . "Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities." Journal of Biochemistry and Microbiology 1 (2024), 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Eissa, Mostafa Essam, and . "Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities." Journal of Biochemistry and Microbiology 1.1 (2024), 1-12. Print. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Eissa, M. E. & (2024) Resistance Mechanisms and Treatment Burdens for A. baumannii infections: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Journal of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 1 (1), 1-12. doi:10.5455/JBM.20240115081736