Dentist's challenge in diagnosis and treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3-year-old child: Case report

Selsebil Laajimi; Hajer Hentati; Fatma Masmoudi; Ahlem Baaziz

doi:10.5455/EJDR.20250324103920

Abstract
Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and infiltration of histiocytic cells, affecting multiple organs and systems. Case presentation: This article reports a case of LCH in a 3-year-old girl, initially suspected to be a jawbone infection of unknown origin. The definitive diagnosis of LCH was established through a comprehensive evaluation, integrating clinical, radiological, and histological findings. A multidisciplinary treatment approach including pediatricians, oncologists, pedodontists, and other specialties was implemented, and the patient was followed for 2 years, and a prosthetic management was performed at the age of 5 years old. Conclusion: This clinical case underscores the critical role of dentists in the early diagnosis of LCH based on oral manifestations, as well as their essential contribution to the multidisciplinary management of the disease.

Key words: child, oral manifestations, histiocytosis X, Langerhans cell histiocytosis