E-ISSN 3041-4296
 
2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 2
3 / 2Current Issue ArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles

Review Article
Online Published: 09 Jul 2025
 


Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.

Samuel Oluwaseun Alowoeshin, Timothy Kwame Asem, Ogbonna Chiemerie Pascal, Olaitan Esther Ajetunmobi, Favour Chidera Jonathan, Mubeen Adewale Azeez, Onyema David Anaele, Abayomi Victor Jemiseye, Anjolaoluwa Oluwafunmbi Oyewole.


Abstract
Synthetic drugs, particularly synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants, have emerged as potent psychoactive substances with significant impacts on human physiology, notably lipid metabolism. These drugs, often engineered to evade detection and regulation, interact with cellular systems in unpredictable and sometimes harmful ways. This review explores the classification, pharmacokinetics, metabolic pathways, and lipid-related effects of synthetic drugs. Emphasis is placed on the endocannabinoid system, a crucial regulator of lipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), such as JWH-018 and AM-2201, exhibit high affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors and disrupt endogenous lipid signaling, contributing to altered lipid homeostasis and potential metabolic dysregulation. Their metabolism involves complex biotransformations in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes, with metabolic byproducts often more toxic than the parent compounds. Studies in human liver microsomes, hepatocytes, and in vivo models highlight interspecies metabolic variability and the limitations of current in vitro models. The co-administration of cannabinoids with lipid-based formulations has been shown to enhance lymphatic absorption, suggesting a dual role for lipids in drug delivery and metabolic impact. Understanding these biochemical interactions is critical for developing therapeutic strategies and regulatory policies to mitigate the health risks associated with synthetic drug abuse.

Key words: Keywords: Cannabinoids, endocannabinoid system, CB1 receptor, liver metabolism, drug toxicity.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Samuel Oluwaseun Alowoeshin
Articles by Timothy Kwame Asem
Articles by Ogbonna Chiemerie Pascal
Articles by Olaitan Esther Ajetunmobi
Articles by Favour Chidera Jonathan
Articles by Mubeen Adewale Azeez
Articles by Onyema David Anaele
Articles by Abayomi Victor Jemiseye
Articles by Anjolaoluwa Oluwafunmbi Oyewole
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alowoeshin SO, Asem TK, Pascal OC, Ajetunmobi OE, Jonathan FC, Azeez MA, Anaele OD, Jemiseye AV, Oyewole AO. Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2025; 3(2): 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118

Web Style

Alowoeshin SO, Asem TK, Pascal OC, Ajetunmobi OE, Jonathan FC, Azeez MA, Anaele OD, Jemiseye AV, Oyewole AO. Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. https://www.wisdomgale.com/ejsrr/?mno=258560 [Access: July 17, 2025]. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alowoeshin SO, Asem TK, Pascal OC, Ajetunmobi OE, Jonathan FC, Azeez MA, Anaele OD, Jemiseye AV, Oyewole AO. Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. Eu J Sci Res Rev. 2025; 3(2): 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alowoeshin SO, Asem TK, Pascal OC, Ajetunmobi OE, Jonathan FC, Azeez MA, Anaele OD, Jemiseye AV, Oyewole AO. Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. Eu J Sci Res Rev. (2025), [cited July 17, 2025]; 3(2): 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


Harvard Style

Alowoeshin, S. O., Asem, . T. K., Pascal, . O. C., Ajetunmobi, . O. E., Jonathan, . F. C., Azeez, . M. A., Anaele, . O. D., Jemiseye, . A. V. & Oyewole, . A. O. (2025) Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. Eu J Sci Res Rev, 3 (2), 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


Turabian Style

Alowoeshin, Samuel Oluwaseun, Timothy Kwame Asem, Ogbonna Chiemerie Pascal, Olaitan Esther Ajetunmobi, Favour Chidera Jonathan, Mubeen Adewale Azeez, Onyema David Anaele, Abayomi Victor Jemiseye, and Anjolaoluwa Oluwafunmbi Oyewole. 2025. Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 3 (2), 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


Chicago Style

Alowoeshin, Samuel Oluwaseun, Timothy Kwame Asem, Ogbonna Chiemerie Pascal, Olaitan Esther Ajetunmobi, Favour Chidera Jonathan, Mubeen Adewale Azeez, Onyema David Anaele, Abayomi Victor Jemiseye, and Anjolaoluwa Oluwafunmbi Oyewole. "Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 3 (2025), 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alowoeshin, Samuel Oluwaseun, Timothy Kwame Asem, Ogbonna Chiemerie Pascal, Olaitan Esther Ajetunmobi, Favour Chidera Jonathan, Mubeen Adewale Azeez, Onyema David Anaele, Abayomi Victor Jemiseye, and Anjolaoluwa Oluwafunmbi Oyewole. "Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.." European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 3.2 (2025), 105-119. Print. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alowoeshin, S. O., Asem, . T. K., Pascal, . O. C., Ajetunmobi, . O. E., Jonathan, . F. C., Azeez, . M. A., Anaele, . O. D., Jemiseye, . A. V. & Oyewole, . A. O. (2025) Synthetic Drugs and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signalling; a Review Article.. European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 3 (2), 105-119. doi:10.5455/EJSRR.20250515080118


Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherOpen Access PolicyEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyCorrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernSelf-Archiving PoliciesDigital Archiving & Preservation PoliciesTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information

About European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews

European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews  is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, providing a platform for advances in ba ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

Your comments are very important to us

We welcome your ideas, suggestions, comments, or questions. To reach Editorial Board please use one of the methods provided below.
 

Emails:

info@wisdomgale.com
editorinchief@ejmanager.com

Office Address:
WisdomGale Publishing
14 Rue de Grand-Bigard,
1082 Brussels
Belgium
 
We will respond within 48 to 72 hours.
 
Change of address or personal information? Please visit your account at www.ejmanager.com to update your information.