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2025, Vol: 2, Issue: 2
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Review Article
Online Published: 15 Mar 2025
 


The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis

Mubaraq Damilare Yussuf, Anthony Nduka Kokelu, Habib Olaniran Kolawole, Adnan Musa, Ayobami Abdul Razak Adisa, Abdullah Aderemi Ashimi, Michael Abimbola Oladosu, Daniel Ebubechi Obasi.


Abstract
All three factors of apoptosis and angiogenesis and metastasis work together in creating tumour growth pathways that result in cancer progression. Cell survival depends on apoptosis which functions to maintain homeostasis. The deregulation of apoptosis enables cancer cells to resist death processes allowing tumour survival. Uncontrolled cellular growth results from two key factors - mutations in p53 regulators together with increased expression of BCL-2 and other related anti-apoptotic genes. Tumours gain the essential nutrients and oxygen through angiogenesis which leads to their expansion. The tumour vascularization process depends on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which activates the necessary vascular endothelial cells. Existing anti-angiogenic VEGF blocking therapies show potential to control tumour spread yet their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain. The principal cause of death from cancer owes to metastasis which describes cancer cells colonizing distant body sites. Cellular invasion precedes intravasation and circulation while extravasation and colonization complete this process through tumour angiogenesis and anoikis-resistance functions. The discovery of targeted therapies depends on our ability to understand the complex interplay between these processes. A review explores disease mechanisms at the molecular level as well as therapeutic interactions together with treatment requirements for better cancer management results.

Key words: Cancer pathogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, p53, BCL-2, VEGF, tumour microenvironment, therapeutic targeting, cancer progression.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Yussuf MD, Kokelu AN, Kolawole HO, Musa A, Adisa AAR, Ashimi AA, Oladosu MA, Obasi DE. The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. J Cancer Res Rev. 2025; 2(2): 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154

Web Style

Yussuf MD, Kokelu AN, Kolawole HO, Musa A, Adisa AAR, Ashimi AA, Oladosu MA, Obasi DE. The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. https://www.wisdomgale.com/jcrr/?mno=239999 [Access: March 20, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Yussuf MD, Kokelu AN, Kolawole HO, Musa A, Adisa AAR, Ashimi AA, Oladosu MA, Obasi DE. The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. J Cancer Res Rev. 2025; 2(2): 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Yussuf MD, Kokelu AN, Kolawole HO, Musa A, Adisa AAR, Ashimi AA, Oladosu MA, Obasi DE. The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. J Cancer Res Rev. (2025), [cited March 20, 2025]; 2(2): 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


Harvard Style

Yussuf, M. D., Kokelu, . A. N., Kolawole, . H. O., Musa, . A., Adisa, . A. A. R., Ashimi, . A. A., Oladosu, . M. A. & Obasi, . D. E. (2025) The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. J Cancer Res Rev, 2 (2), 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


Turabian Style

Yussuf, Mubaraq Damilare, Anthony Nduka Kokelu, Habib Olaniran Kolawole, Adnan Musa, Ayobami Abdul Razak Adisa, Abdullah Aderemi Ashimi, Michael Abimbola Oladosu, and Daniel Ebubechi Obasi. 2025. The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews, 2 (2), 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


Chicago Style

Yussuf, Mubaraq Damilare, Anthony Nduka Kokelu, Habib Olaniran Kolawole, Adnan Musa, Ayobami Abdul Razak Adisa, Abdullah Aderemi Ashimi, Michael Abimbola Oladosu, and Daniel Ebubechi Obasi. "The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis." Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews 2 (2025), 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Yussuf, Mubaraq Damilare, Anthony Nduka Kokelu, Habib Olaniran Kolawole, Adnan Musa, Ayobami Abdul Razak Adisa, Abdullah Aderemi Ashimi, Michael Abimbola Oladosu, and Daniel Ebubechi Obasi. "The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis." Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews 2.2 (2025), 37-56. Print. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Yussuf, M. D., Kokelu, . A. N., Kolawole, . H. O., Musa, . A., Adisa, . A. A. R., Ashimi, . A. A., Oladosu, . M. A. & Obasi, . D. E. (2025) The Interplay of Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis In Cancer Pathogenesis. Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews, 2 (2), 37-56. doi:10.5455/JCRR.20250127032154


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