Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery

Mukesh    P Ratnparkhi; Prasad V Kadam; Ashish S Mule; Mayur G Markand; Bhagyashri S Binawade; Arshad J Shaikh

doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Original Article
Online Published: 06 Aug 2024

J Pharmacol Pharm Res. 2024; 1(2): 67-79

doi: 10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery

Mukesh P Ratnparkhi, Prasad V Kadam, Ashish S Mule, Mayur G Markand, Bhagyashri S Binawade, Arshad J Shaikh.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop a topical gel formulation of diclofenac sodium (DFS) utilizing a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and patient compliance while minimizing systemic side effects associated with oral administration.
Methods: DFS solubility was evaluated in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram guided the selection of optimal SMEDDS components. The SMEDDS formulation, comprising cinnamon oil, Tween 20, and propylene glycol, was converted into a gel using Carbopol 940. Both the liquid SMEDDS and gel underwent extensive physicochemical characterization, including drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and in vitro/ex vivo diffusion studies.
Key Findings: Cinnamon oil, Tween 20, and propylene glycol exhibited the highest DFS solubility and emulsification efficiency. The optimized SMEDDS formulation showed robust stability, rapid self-emulsification, high drug loading, and favorable droplet size (112.8 nm) and zeta potential (-11.36 mV). The gel demonstrated consistent drug release (79.70% over 1440 minutes) and improved skin permeation (71.30% over 1440 minutes).
Conclusions: The DFS-loaded SMEDDS gel formulation significantly enhances the solubility, dissolution, and topical bioavailability of DFS, providing a promising alternative for managing arthritic pain and inflammation with reduced systemic side effects.

Key words: Diclofenac Sodium (DFS), Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS), Pseudo-Ternary Phase, Gel, Enhanced Topical Delivery

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Ratnparkhi MP, Kadam PV, Mule AS, Markand MG, Binawade BS, Shaikh AJ. Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. J Pharmacol Pharm Res. 2024; 1(2): 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Web Style

Ratnparkhi MP, Kadam PV, Mule AS, Markand MG, Binawade BS, Shaikh AJ. Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. https://www.wisdomgale.com/jppr/?mno=207532 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ratnparkhi MP, Kadam PV, Mule AS, Markand MG, Binawade BS, Shaikh AJ. Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. J Pharmacol Pharm Res. 2024; 1(2): 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ratnparkhi MP, Kadam PV, Mule AS, Markand MG, Binawade BS, Shaikh AJ. Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. J Pharmacol Pharm Res. (2024), [cited June 27, 2026]; 1(2): 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Harvard Style

Ratnparkhi, M. P., Kadam, . P. V., Mule, . A. S., Markand, . M. G., Binawade, . B. S. & Shaikh, . A. J. (2024) Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. J Pharmacol Pharm Res, 1 (2), 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Turabian Style

Ratnparkhi, Mukesh P, Prasad V Kadam, Ashish S Mule, Mayur G Markand, Bhagyashri S Binawade, and Arshad J Shaikh. 2024. Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Research, 1 (2), 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

Chicago Style

Ratnparkhi, Mukesh P, Prasad V Kadam, Ashish S Mule, Mayur G Markand, Bhagyashri S Binawade, and Arshad J Shaikh. "Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery." Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Research 1 (2024), 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ratnparkhi, Mukesh P, Prasad V Kadam, Ashish S Mule, Mayur G Markand, Bhagyashri S Binawade, and Arshad J Shaikh. "Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery." Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Research 1.2 (2024), 67-79. Print. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ratnparkhi, M. P., Kadam, . P. V., Mule, . A. S., Markand, . M. G., Binawade, . B. S. & Shaikh, . A. J. (2024) Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery. Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Research, 1 (2), 67-79. doi:10.5455/JPPR.20240629071651