Antimicrobial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaves on Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Strains

Folashade Sarah Ojeleye; Olamide Racheal Oyekunle; Theresa Onyeche Isama; Jessica Kasham John; Talatu Patience Markus; Ochuko Orakpoghenor

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240129014616

Abstract
Aim: The rise in drug resistance has underscored the necessity of exploring alternatives to conventional medications. Herbal remedies, which have gained societal acceptance, represent a significant avenue for such exploration. This study focuses on assessing the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum against some multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria.
Methods: The ethanolic extract was prepared from fresh B. pinnatum leaves using standard laboratory procedures. Antibacterial activity was assessed through the agar well diffusion method against a selection of MDR bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth dilution method.
Results: The ethanolic extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Proteus spp and Salmonella typhi. At concentrations of 200 mg/mL, inhibition zones of 18 mm and 24 mm were observed, while at 100 mg/mL, zones of 11 mm and 20 mm were recorded, respectively. The MIC test revealed that the extract was active against Salmonella typhi and Proteus sp at 200 mg/mL. The MBC test revealed that at 200 mg/mL, the extract was active against Proteus sp.
Conclusion: B. pinnatum ethanolic leaf extract showed antibacterial activities against MDR E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S aureus, thus, making it a potential drug development candidate for treatment of ailments caused by these pathogens. Further research is recommended to delve into the specific antibacterial components and mechanisms of action for a more comprehensive understanding.

Key words: Bryophyllum pinnatum, antibacterial, multi-drug resistance, Zaria Kaduna State